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Silicium Silicon
Silicium, Kiezel† – Silizium – Silicium – Silicio – ヶィ素 – Кремний – 硅
Si
Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
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Silicium Silicon
Silicium, Kiezel† – Silizium – Silicium – Silicio – ヶィ素 – Кремний – 硅
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Si
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Silicium Latin— Germanic
Silikon (Kiesel †) AfrikaansSilicium Danish Silizium German Silicon English Silicium Faroese Silisium Frisian (West) Kísill Icelandic Silizium Luxembourgish Silicium, Kiezel† Dutch Silisium Norwegian Kisel Swedish — Italic
Silizio AragoneseSilitsiumu Aromanian Siliciu Asturian Silici Catalan Silicio Spanish Silicium French Silici Friulian Silicio Galician Silicio Italian Silíci Lombard Silici Occitan Silício Portuguese Siliciu Romanian - Moldovan — Slavic
Силиций [Silicij] BulgarianSilicij[um] Bosnian Крэмній [krèmnij] Belarusian Křemík Czech Silicij Croatian Krzém Kashubian Силициум [Silicium] Macedonian Krzem Polish Кремний [Kremnij] Russian Kremík Slovak Silicij Slovenian Силицијум [Silicijum] Serbian Кремній [kremnij] Ukrainian — Baltic
Silicis LithuanianSilīcijs Latvian Sėlėcis Samogitian — Celtic
Silisiom BretonSilicon Welsh Sileacón Gaelic (Irish) Sileacon Gaelic (Scottish) Shillagon Gaelic (Manx) Sylycon Cornish — Other Indo-European
Πυριτιο [pyritio] GreekՍիլիցիում [silits'ium] Armenian Silicium[i] Albanian — Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Silisyum KurdishКремний [kremnij] Ossetian Силитсий [Silitziy] Tajik — Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
সিলিকন [silikana] Bengaliسیلیسیم [sylysym] Persian સિલિકોન [silikona] Gujarati सिलिकॉन [silikona] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Räni EstonianPii Finnish Szilícium Hungarian Кремний [Kremnij] Komi Кремний [Kremnij] Mari Ктаем [ataem] Moksha Räni Võro Altaic
Silisium AzerbaijaniКремни [Kremni] Chuvash Кремний [kremnij] Kazakh Кремний [Kremnij] Kyrgyz Цахиур [cahiur] Mongolian Silisyum Turkish سىلىتسىي [silitsiy] Uyghur Kremniy Uzbek Other (Europe)
Silizioa Basqueსიცილიუმი [sic'iliumi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
سيلكون [silīkūn] Arabicצורן [tsoran] Hebrew Silikon, ²Siliċju Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Si̍t (矽) Hakkaヶィ素 [keiso] Japanese 규소 [gyuso] Korean ซิลิคอน [silikhon] Thai Silic Vietnamese 硅 [gui1 / gwai1] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Siliko CebuanoSilikon Indonesian Takawai Māori Silikon Malay Other Asiatic
സിലിക്കണ് [silikkaṇ] Malayalamசிலிக்கன் [cilikkaṉ] Tamil Africa
Siliki LingalaSilikone Sesotho Silikoni Swahili North-America
Tecpatli NahuatlSouth-America
Ullayayaq, ²Silisyu QuechuaCreole
Silisimi Sranan TongoArtificial
Silicio EsperantoNew names
Silicon Atomic ElementsSandy Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
Later in 1811, Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) and Louis-Jacques Thénard (1777-1857) probably prepared impure amorphous Silicon by heating potassium with silicon tetrafluoride. Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848), generally credited with the discovery, in 1824 succeeded in preparing amorphous Silicon by the same general method as used earlier, but he purified the product by removing the fluosilicates by repeated washings.
The name Silicium is derived from silica > Latin silex for flint (SiO2), a hard stone. The Latin name silicium was adopted to conform with the -ium ending of most elements. The suffix -on in English was added because of its resemblance to Carbon.
Alternative names
Most languages use a form derived from the Latin silex, silicis = flint. The Slavic кремень [kremen'] has the same meaning. The Greek πυριτιο is connected with πυρ [pyr], meaning "fire". Flints were used to make fire (the Dutch word for flint, "vuursteen", means literally "fire stone").
In other languages the name has also a relation with flints: Finnish piikivi.
Andronia
Around 1800 there was a violent debate about concepts and methods between the supporters and opponents of the so-called Naturphilosophie ("natural philosophy").
The philosophers of nature declared that dualism is the principle of order
everywhere in physics and chemistry (Kleinert). One of these was Jakob Joseph Winterl (1739-1809), professor of chemistry and botany in Budapest. Winterl foresaw in his Prolusiones ad chemiam saeculi decimi noni (Buda: Typographia Regia Univ. Pestinensis 1800), many forthcoming paths and discoveries of 19th century chemistry.
According to the Naturphilosophie he supposed the existence of two substances, simpler than the normal elements and with a male or female basis. The male substance he called Andronia (Andronium), from the Greek androV, male; the female Thelike, from the Greek qhlukoV. From coal and salpeter he made a substance (earth?), considered by him as elemental.
A sample was sent to a commission of the Académie des Sciences in Paris, and was found to be consist of Sicilium, Iron, Clay and Lime (Figurowski, 1981, 230 and 259).
Chemistianity 1873
DAYAN
SILICON, the chief substance in Glass and Pots, Call'd Silicium, is a brown metalloid. Silicon exists in three diff'rent forms:— Amorphous; in crystals—like the Diamond; And scales—like Graphite: the two later kinds scratch glass. Silicon Amorphous has no lustre, Heated in Air it burns till cover'd with Oxide. (...) Silica (the Dioxide) occurs largely In flints, and the rocks forming the Earth's crust; 'Tis most abundant in the primary Rocks; It will not vapour at any known heat. The colourless, transparent Rock Crystal Is nearly pure Silica. Agate, Quartz, Flint, and Chalcedony, are chiefly Silica; Silicon is never found in native state, But combined with metals, or as Silica. Further reading
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