Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Germanium
Germanium – Germanium – Germanium – Germánio – ゲルマニウム – Германий – 鍺
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Germanium Latin Germanic
Germanium AfrikaansGermanium Danish Germanium German Germanium English Germanium Faroese Germanium Frisian (West) German Icelandic Germanium Luxembourgish Germanium Dutch Germanium Norwegian Germanium Swedish Italic
Chermanio AragoneseGhermaniumu Aromanian Xermaniu Asturian Germani Catalan Germánio Spanish Germanium French Gjermani Friulian Xermanio Galician Germanio Italian Germàni Lombard Germani Occitan Germânio Portuguese Germaniu Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Гермаиий [Germaiij] BulgarianGermanij[um] Bosnian Германій [hermanij] Belarusian Germanium Czech Germanij Croatian Germón Kashubian Германиум [Germanium] Macedonian German Polish Германий [Germanij] Russian Germánium Slovak Germanij Slovenian Германијум [Germanijum] Serbian Германій [hermanij] Ukrainian Baltic
Germanis LithuanianĢermānijs Latvian Germanis Samogitian Celtic
Germaniom BretonGermaniwm Welsh Gearmáiniam Gaelic (Irish) Gearmainiam Gaelic (Scottish) Germaanium Gaelic (Manx) Germanyum Cornish Other Indo-European
Γερμανιο [germanio] Greek.երմանիում [(g)ermanium] Armenian Germanium[i] Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Germanyûm KurdishГерманий [germanij] Ossetian Германий [Germani'] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
জার্মেনিয়াম [jārmeniẏāma] Bengaliژرمانیم [žrmanym] Persian જર્મેનિયમનો [jarmeniyamano] Gujarati जर्मेनियम [jarmeniyama] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Germaanium EstonianGermanium Finnish Germánium Hungarian Германий [Germanij] Komi Германий [Germanij] Mari Германи [germani] Moksha Germaanium Võro Altaic
Germanium AzerbaijaniГермани [Germani] Chuvash Германий [germanij] Kazakh Германий [Germanij] Kyrgyz Германи [germani] Mongolian Germanyum Turkish گېرمانىي [germaniy] Uyghur Germaniy Uzbek Other (Europe)
Germanioa Basqueგერმანიუმი [germaniumi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
جرمانيوم [jarmāniyūm] Arabicגרמניום [germanium] Hebrew Ġermanju[m] Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Châ (鍺) Hakkaゲルマニウム [gerumaniumu] Japanese 게르마늄, 2저마늄 [gereumanyum, jeomanyum] Korean เจอร์เมเนียม [choemēniam] Thai Gecmani Vietnamese 鍺 [zhe3 / je2] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Germanio CebuanoGermanium Indonesian Germanium Māori Germanium Malay Other Asiatic
ജെര്മേനിയം [jermēniyam] Malayalamஜெர்மானியம் [jermāṉiyam] Tamil Africa
Jemani LingalaGermaniamo Sesotho Gerimani Swahili North-America
Germanio NahuatlSouth-America
Germanyu QuechuaCreole
Germanimi Sranan TongoArtificial
Germanio EsperantoNew names
Germon Atomic ElementsWinklium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
In his report on "The Periodic Law of the Chemical Elements", in 1869, Mendeleyev predicted the existence of several unknown elements. Among them was one which was supposed to be just bellow silicon and, for that reason, he called it eka-silicon. Mendeleyev studied several minerals, although unsuccessfully, seeking for that new element 32. In the summer of 1885, in the Himmelsfürst mine in Brand-Erbisdorf (near Freiberg, Saxony) a new mineral was found that was called argyrodite. Professor Clemens Alexander Winkler (1838-1904) of the Freiberg Bergakademie was asked to do a quantitative analysis. He found Silver, Sulphur, Iron oxide, Zinc and an element unknown till that time (eka-silicon). In February of 1886, Winkler was sure of the discovery of this new element. Winkler intended to name element Neptunium, bearing in mind that the history of its discovery was similar to the history of the discovery of the planet Neptune. Just as the existence of the new element was predicted, the existence of the planet was predicted in 1845 by the mathematicians John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier for the fact that Uranus was being pulled slightly out of position in its orbit. James Challis started searching for it in July 1846 and sighted the planet 23 September 1846. However, it turned out that the name Neptunium was already given to an element (cf. Niobium) and Winkler named the new metal Germanium in honor of his fatherland. See his (note) . This name caused sharp objections from some scientists. One indicated that this name sounded as the name of a flower (geranium). In the flame of the disputes Raymond proposed into the joke to name new element Angularium, thus angular (causing debates) - or, angle (in German "Winkel") referring to the name of the discoverer. However, Mendeleyev in his letter to Winkler decisively supported the name Germanium.
Germania
Germania was the Latin name for a geographical area of land on the east bank of the Rhine (inner Germania), which included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine. The name came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it from a Gallic term for the peoples east of the Rhine that probably meant 'neighbor'.Germania was defined by Rome as having two regions: Lesser Germania, west and south of the Rhine, occupied by the Romans, and Greater Germania (Magna Germania) east of the Rhine. The occupied Germania was divided into two provinces: Germania Inferior (Lower Germania) (approximately corresponding to the southern part of the present-day Low Countries) and Germania Superior (Upper Germania) (approximately corresponding to present-day Switzerland and Alsace). The Romans under Augustus began to conquer and defeat the Germania Magna in 12 BC, having the Legati (generals) Germanicus and Tiberius leading the Legions. By AD 6, all of Germania up to the River Elbe was temporarily pacified by the Romans as well as being occupied by them. The Roman plan to complete the conquest and incorporate all of Magna Germania into the Roman Empire was frustrated when Rome was defeated by the German tribesmen in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9. Augustus then effected Roman withdrawal from Magna Germania (completed by AD 16) and established the boundary of the Roman Empire as being the Rhine and the Danube.
'Germany' in English and similar names in other languages are derived from Germania, though the country's own inhabitants call it Deutschland. Several modern languages use the name Germania including Hebrew (גרמניה), Bulgarian (Германия), Italian, Greek (Γερμανία), Romanian, Russian (Германия), Albanian and Armenian.
(note).
Further reading
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