Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Einsteinium
Einsteinium – Einsteinium – Einsteinium – Einstenio – アインスタイニウム – Эйнштейний – 鎄
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Einsteinium Latin Germanic
Einsteinium AfrikaansEinsteinium Danish Einsteinium German Einsteinium English Einsteinium Faroese Einsteinium Frisian (West) Einsteinín Icelandic Einsteinium Luxembourgish Einsteinium Dutch Einsteinium Norwegian Einsteinium Swedish Italic
Einsteinio AragoneseEinshteniumu Aromanian Einsteniu Asturian Einsteini Catalan Einstenio Spanish Einsteinium French Einsteni Friulian Einstenio Galician Einstenio Italian Einsteini Lombard Einsteini Occitan Einstânio Portuguese Einsteiniu Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Айнштайний [Ajnštajnij] BulgarianEinsteinij[um] Bosnian Эйнштэйній [èjnštèjnij] Belarusian Einsteinium Czech Einsteinij Croatian Einstein Kashubian Ајнштајниум [Ajnštajnium] Macedonian Einstein Polish Эйнштейний [Èjnštejnij] Russian Einsteinium Slovak Ajnštajnij Slovenian Ајнштајнијум [Ajnštajnijum] Serbian Ейнштейній [ejnštejnij] Ukrainian Baltic
Einšteinis LithuanianEinšteinijs Latvian Einšteinis Samogitian Celtic
Einsteiniom BretonEinsteiniwm Welsh Éinstéiniam Gaelic (Irish) Einstèiniam Gaelic (Scottish) Einsteinium Gaelic (Manx) Eynsteynyum Cornish Other Indo-European
Αινστανιο [ainstanio] GreekԷյնչտեյնիում [ēynch'teynium] Armenian Ajnshtajnium, ²Einsteiniumi Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Einsteiniyûm KurdishЭйнштейний [èjnštejnij] Ossetian Эйнштейний [E'nshte'ni'] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
আইনস্টাইনিয়াম [āinasṭāiniẏāma] Bengaliاینشتینیم [aynštynym] Persian આઇનસ્ટાઇનિયમનો [āinasṭāiniyamano] Gujarati आइन्स्टाइनियम [āinsṭāiniyama] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Einsteinium EstonianEinsteinium Finnish Einsteinium Hungarian Эйнштейний [Èjnštejnij] Komi Эйнштейний [Èjnštejnij] Mari Еинстеини [einsteini] Moksha Einsteinium Võro Altaic
Eynşteynium AzerbaijaniЭйнштейни [Èjnštejni] Chuvash Эйнштейний [èjnštejnij] Kazakh Эйнштейний [Èjnštejnij] Kyrgyz Эйнштейни [èjnštejni] Mongolian Eınsteınyum Turkish ئېينشتېينىي ['eynşteyniy] Uyghur Eynshteyniy Uzbek Other (Europe)
Einsteinioa Basqueეინშტეინიუმი [einšteiniumi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
انيشتنيوم [āynshtāyniyūm] Arabicאינשטייניום [einsteinium] Hebrew Ejnstenjum, ²Einsteinju Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Oi (鑀) Hakkaアインスタイニウム [ainsutainiumu] Japanese 아인시타이늄 or 아인슈타이늄 [a'insyuta'inyum] Korean ไอน์สไตเนียม [aisatainiam] Thai Ensteni Vietnamese 鎄 [ai1 / oi1] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Einstenyo CebuanoEinsteinium Indonesian Einsteinium Māori Einsteinium Malay Other Asiatic
ഐന്സ്റ്റീനിയം [ainsṟṟīniyam] Malayalamஐன்ஸ்டீனியம் [aiṉsţīṉiyam] Tamil Africa
Eselemu LingalaEinsteiniamo Sesotho Einsteni Swahili North-America
Einstenio NahuatlSouth-America
Einsteinyu QuechuaCreole
Aynstaynimi Sranan TongoArtificial
Ejnŝtejnio EsperantoNew names
Einsteon Atomic ElementsSecretium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
First prepared in 1952 by Albert Ghiorso, Stanley G. Thompson, Gary H. Higgins, Glenn T. Seaborg (from the Radiation Laboratory and Department of Chemistry of the University of California), Martin H. Studier, P.R. Fields, Sherman M. Fried, H. Diamond, J.F. Mech, G.L. Pyle, John R. Huizenga, A. Hirsch, W.M. Manning (from the Argonne National Laboratory), C.I. Browne, H. Louise Smith, and R.W. Spence (from the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) by irradiation of Uranium with neutrons. Element #99 was, together with Fermium discovered unexpectedly in the debris from the thermonuclear explosion (called the "Mike" event), conducted at Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean in November 1952.
Codiscoverers of Einsteinium (1952) and Fermium (1953) at symposium commemorating the 25th anniversary of their discovery held at the LBL. Left to right (front row): Louise Smith, Sherman Fried, Gary Higgins. Left to right (back row): Albert Ghiorso, Rod Spence, Glenn Seaborg, Paul Fields and John Huizenga. [caption according to Seaborg 1996, the list of names does not agree with the list given by Seaborg in 1973]. The Materials Testing Reactor in Idaho came into operation during 1952, and provided a neutron flux an order of magnitude higher than previously available. At the same time, techniques for accelerating useful beams of heavy ions were being developed in several laboratories. These developments ensured the eventual synthesis of elements #99 and #100, but the first observation of these elements came unexpectedly, from a quite unrelated experiment - the explosion of the first thermonuclear bomb in the Pacific during November 1952. Samples of debris were collected by drone aircraft flying through the cloud and analyzed. Among the new activities detected were alpha-emitters of 6.6 and 7.1 MeV, indicating that a brief exposition to a very high neutron flux can have similar results to the slow irradiation by heavy elements made on the labs in Idaho. From the analysis of these samples it was possible to identify the source of the alpha particles with that specific energy as the new elements #99 and #100 respectively. For security reasons, these observations in late 1952 and early 1953 could not be published in the open literature. The first publication concerning element 99, in 1954, reported the production of a 7.3 minute isotope. Shortly afterwards, also in 1954, the detection of elements 99 and 100 in plutonium samples which had been exposed to an intense neutron flux was reported. The full story of the discovery of elements 99 and 100 was finally published in mid-1955 by a group of authors of the laboratories involved. Element #99 was named Einsteinium after Albert Einstein, who himself had no connection to the element. Athenium In non-specialist magazines of the year 1950/51 the first reports were published on the discovery of elements 99 and 100. Element 99 got the name Athenium (An), after the Greek capital Athens, were 2500 years ago for the first time the philosophical idea of atoms as building stones of matter was developed. Element 100 was named Centurium (see Fermium) (note).
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (Ulm 14 March 1879-Princeton, N.J., 18 April 1955), theoretical physicist who is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time. His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of Mercury, prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing, the first fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules, the photon theory and wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semiclassical version of the Schrödinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose–Einstein condensation.
Einstein is best known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." Einstein published more than 300 scientific and over 150 non-scientific works.[4] He is often regarded as the father of modern physics (note). Here a comprehensive biography. by the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland.
Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein, two scientist who have elements named after them: Einsteinium (#99) and Bohrium (#107)
Further reading
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