Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Uranium
Uranium, Uraan – Uran – Uranium – Uranio – ウラン – Уран – 鈾
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Uranium Latin Germanic
Uraan AfrikaansUran Danish Uran German Uranium English Uran Faroese Uranium Frisian (West) Úran Icelandic Uran Luxembourgish Uranium, Uraan Dutch Uran Norwegian Uran Swedish Italic
Uranio AragoneseUraniumu Aromanian Uraniu Asturian Urani Catalan Uranio Spanish Uranium French Urani Friulian Uranio Galician Uranio Italian Üràni Lombard Urani Occitan Urânio Portuguese Uraniu Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Уран [Uran] BulgarianUranij[um] Bosnian Уран [uran] Belarusian Uran Czech Uranij Croatian Ùran Kashubian Ураниум [Uranium] Macedonian Uran Polish Уран [Uran] Russian Uran Slovak Uran Slovenian Уран [Uran] Serbian Уран [uran] Ukrainian Baltic
Uranas LithuanianUrāns Latvian Urans Samogitian Celtic
Uraniom BretonUraniwm Welsh Úráiniam Gaelic (Irish) Uràiniam Gaelic (Scottish) Uraanium Gaelic (Manx) Uranyum Cornish Other Indo-European
Ουρανιο [ouranio] GreekՈՒրան [uran] Armenian Uranium, ²Urani Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Uranyûm KurdishУран [uran] Ossetian Уран [Uran] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
ইউরেনিয়াম [iureniẏāma] Bengaliاورانیم [awranym] Persian યુરેનિયમનો [--] Gujarati युरेनियम [yureniyama] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Uraan EstonianUraani Finnish Urán Hungarian Уран [Uran] Komi Уран [Uran] Mari Урани [urani] Moksha Uraan Võro Altaic
Uran AzerbaijaniУран [Uran] Chuvash Уран [ûran] Kazakh Уран [Uran] Kyrgyz Уран [uran] Mongolian Uranyum Turkish ئۇران ['uran] Uyghur Uran Uzbek Other (Europe)
Uranioa Basqueურანი [urani] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
يورانيوم [yūrāniyūm] Arabicאורניום [uranium] Hebrew Uranju[m] Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Yu (鈾) Hakkaウラン [uran] Japanese 우라늄 [uranyum] Korean ยูเรเนียม [yūrēniam] Thai Urani, Uran Vietnamese 鈾 [you2 / yau4] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Uranyo CebuanoUranium Indonesian Konukarihi Māori Uranium Malay Other Asiatic
യുറേനിയം [yuṟēniyam] Malayalamயுரேனியம் [yurēṉiyam] Tamil Africa
Ulanu LingalaUraniamo Sesotho Urani Swahili North-America
Ilhuicateōtepoztli NahuatlSouth-America
Uranyu QuechuaCreole
Dyurano Sranan TongoArtificial
Uranio EsperantoNew names
Uranion Atomic ElementsBombinium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
The German chemist Martin Klaproth (1743-1817) discovered in 1789 a new element in pitchblende ores from Johanngeorgenstadt in the Saxonian Erzgebirge (Metalliferous Mts.) and Joachimsthal in Bohemia (note). Pitchblende was thought to be a Zinc, Iron or Tungsten ore. First he wanted to name the element Klaprothium, after himself. But he resisted the temptation and proposed, "until a better name was found," to call his element Uranium after the last planet to have been discovered, for which the German astronomer Bode had suggested the name "Uranus" (see below). Since Mendeleyev's periodic system did not yet exist, Klaproth would not have realized that Uranium, named after the ultimate planet, would for many years be also the ultimate element. When elements 93 and 94 were artificially made many years later, the names Neptunium and Plutonium were chosen on the analogy with the solar system. The French scientist Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) discovered the radioactive property of Uranium in 1896. Soon many different substances were discovered emanating radiation. Before the nature of radiation was understood, before it was understood that an element can be transformed into a different element, and before the existence of isotopes was proposed, the discovery of these substances created massive confusion. Each source of radiation was around 1900 seen as a separate element. In 1900 William Crookes found that Uranium contained a substance soluble in ammonium hydroxide and ammonium carbonate, which he called Uranium X. Others found there were two Uraniums which they called Uranium 1 and Uranium 2. Uranium X1 formed Uranium X2. Uranium X1 was found to produce two kinds of beta rays resulting in Uranium X2 and Z. In 1911 Uranium Y was found. Eventually they were placed in a sequential series: Uranium 1 → Uranium X1 → Uranium X2 → Uranium Z → Uranium 2 → Uranium Y. Later was understood that this concerned a decay series and that each of the Uraniums was an isotope of a different element. In 1902 Frederick Soddy and Ernest Rutherford proposed two of these decay series, one starting with Uranium ending with Lead, and the other starting with Thorium (Ionium) and also ending in Lead (note). (See the tables at all of the elements from Thallium (#81) to Uranium (#92). In 1913 Frederick Soddy proposed that an element emitting an α-particle is transmuted into the element two spaces to the left on the periodic table, whereas an element emitting a β-particle is transmuted into the element immediately to the right (note). For example, Uranium 1 (now 235U, atomic number 92) emits an α-particle and becomes Uranium X1 (= 234Th, atomic number 90), and this emits a β-particle and becomes Uranium X2 (= 234Pa, atomic number 91). The rules provide a way to understand the decay series and led to Soddy's proposal of isotopes to explain differing atomic weights for samples of the same element produced by different decay modes.
Alternative name
In the 19th century a native Czech name was proposed: nebesník, probably derived from "nebe" = sky. Isotopes with the historical name Uranium-...
Historical names of Uranium Isotopes
Uranus and Uranium
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Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun, and the third-largest and fourth most massive planet in the Solar System. Though it is visible to the naked eye like the five classical planets, it was never recognized as a planet by ancient observers because of its dimness and slow orbit. Sir William Herschel announced its discovery on March 13, 1781, expanding the known boundaries of the Solar System for the first time in modern history. Uranus was also the first planet discovered with a telescope.
The Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne, asked Herschel to "do the astronomical world the faver [sic] to give a name to your planet, which is entirely your own, & which we are so much obliged to you for the discovery of." In response to Maskelyne's request, Herschel decided to name the object Georgium Sidus (George's Star), or the "Georgian Planet" in honour of his new patron, King George III. He explained this decision in a letter to Joseph Banks:
In the fabulous ages of ancient times the appellations of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn were given to the Planets, as being the names of their principal heroes and divinities. In the present more philosophical era it would hardly be allowable to have recourse to the same method and call it Juno, Pallas, Apollo or Minerva, for a name to our new heavenly body. The first consideration of any particular event, or remarkable incident, seems to be its chronology: if in any future age it should be asked, when this last-found Planet was discovered? It would be a very satisfactory answer to say, 'In the reign of King George the Third.Herschel's proposed name was not popular outside of Britain, and alternatives were soon proposed. Astronomer Jérôme Lalande proposed the planet be named Herschel in honour of its discoverer. The Berlin astronomer Johann Elert Bode, however, opted for Uranus, the Latinized version of the Greek god of the sky, Ouranos (Ancient Greek Οὐρανός) the father of Kronos (Saturn) and grandfather of Zeus (Jupiter). Bode argued that just as Saturn was the father of Jupiter, the new planet should be named after the father of Saturn. In 1789, Bode's Royal Academy colleague Martin Klaproth named his newly–discovered element "uranium" in support of Bode's choice. Ultimately, Bode's suggestion became the most widely used, and became universal in 1850 when HM Nautical Almanac Office, the final holdout, switched from using Georgium Sidus to Uranus (note). About the name of the Planet Uranus around 30,000 websites say it was given the name of the Greek God Uranus, but 300 websites say it was named after Urania (Οὐρανία), the muse of astrology. (note). Naming after Urania would be unusual as almost all other planets have the names of Gods but Urania is a muse. But some say it could be true, since Herschel was a musician and knew the muses (note). However, Herschel did not give the name Uranus to the planet he discovered - the name is given by the astronomer Bode. In the following reviews from the Algemeene Vaderlandsche letter-oefeningen of 1783 the different name proposals are discussed. In a note the reviewer gives as his own opinion that the naming the planet after the father of Saturnus is a good idea.
Chemistianity 1873
SAYAN
URANIUM, whose ore is used to stain Glass, Is a steel-white colour'd metal. In Air Does not oxide at ordinary heat, But, heated strongly, it burns brilliantly. Further reading
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