Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Holmium
Holmium – Holmium – Holmium – Hólmio – ホルミウム – Гольмий – 鈥
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Holmium Latin Germanic
Holmium AfrikaansHolmium Danish Holmium German Holmium English Holmium Faroese Holmium Frisian (West) Holmín Icelandic Holmium Luxembourgish Holmium Dutch Holmium Norwegian Holmium Swedish Italic
Olmio AragoneseHolmiumu Aromanian Holmiu Asturian Holmi Catalan Hólmio Spanish Holmium French Olmi Friulian Holmio Galician Olmio Italian Úlmi Lombard Òlmi Occitan Hólmio Portuguese Holmiu Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Холъмий [Hol"mij] BulgarianHolmij[um] Bosnian Гольмій [hol'mij] Belarusian Holmium Czech Holmij Croatian Hòlm Kashubian Холмиум [Holmium] Macedonian Holm Polish Гольмий [Golmij] Russian Holmium Slovak Holmij Slovenian Холмијум [Holmijum] Serbian Голъмій [hol"mij] Ukrainian Baltic
Holmis LithuanianHolmijs Latvian Holmis Samogitian Celtic
Holmiom BretonHolmiwm Welsh Hoilmiam Gaelic (Irish) Hoilmiam Gaelic (Scottish) Holmium Gaelic (Manx) Holmyum Cornish Other Indo-European
Όλμιο [holmio] GreekՀոլմիում [holmium] Armenian Holmium[i] Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Holmiyûm KurdishГолъмий [gol"mij] Ossetian Голъмий [Gol'mi'] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
হলমিয়াম [halamiẏāma] Bengaliهولمیم [hwlmym] Persian હોમિયમનો [homiyamano] Gujarati होल्मियम [holmiyama] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Holmium EstonianHolmium Finnish Holmium Hungarian Голъмий [Gol"mij] Komi Голъмий [Gol"mij] Mari Холми [holmi] Moksha Holmium Võro Altaic
Holmium AzerbaijaniГолъми [Gol"mi] Chuvash Голъмий [gol"mij] Kazakh Голъмий [Gol"mij] Kyrgyz Гольми [gol'mi] Mongolian Holmiyum Turkish گولمىي [golmiy] Uyghur Golmiy Uzbek Other (Europe)
Holmioa Basqueჰოლმიუმი [holmiumi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
هلميوم [hūlmiyūm] Arabicהולמיום [holmium] Hebrew Holmjum, ²Olmju Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Fó (鈥) Hakkaホルミウム [horumiumu] Japanese 홀뮴 [holmyum] Korean โฮลเมียม [hōlmiam/hōnmiam] Thai Holmi, Honmi Vietnamese 鈥 [huo2 / foh2] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Holmyo CebuanoHolmium Indonesian Holmium Māori Holmium Malay Other Asiatic
ഹോമിയം [hōmiyam] Malayalamஹொல்மியம் [holmiyam] Tamil Africa
Olimu LingalaHolmiamo Sesotho Homi Swahili North-America
Holmio NahuatlSouth-America
Holmyu QuechuaCreole
Holmimi Sranan TongoArtificial
Holmio EsperantoNew names
Holmion Atomic ElementsGleamium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
The story of discovery and naming of the rare earth element Holmium began with Carl Gustav Mosander splitting old yttria into three new elements, yttria proper, erbia, and terbia (see the special Rare Earths page). In 1860 the Swedish chemist Nils Johan Berlin (1812-1891) denied the existence of Mosander’s erbia, and gave this name to his terbia. In 1878, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, professor of Chemistry at the University of Geneva, separated Berlin's erbia into two new earths, erbia and ytterbia (note). Marignac's erbia was the following year split by Cleve into erbia proper and two new elements, which he named Thulium and Holmium (note). (it seemed that Delafontaine's Philippium, found in 1878 in samarskite, was identical with Holmium).
Gadolinite, with Berlin’s erbia, was also spectroscopically examined by Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878. He wrote that Marignac and Delafontaine have found three earths in gadolinite, yttria, erbia, and terbia, the latter being contested, and that it seemed that there was also a fourth earth present, which was still unnamed. Soret indicated the new metal provisionally with terre X (note). In 1880 he accepted Cleve’s name holmia (note). Holmia was split in 1886 by Lecoq de Boisbaudran into a true holmia and a new oxide dysprosia (note). After (Stock-)Holmia, the Latin name of Stockholm, since the minerals with yttria were found in the region of Stockholm. According to other sources it is named after the chemist O. Holmberg. This is erroneous: Holmberg was in 1911 the first who succeeded to prepare pure Holmium.
See also: Chronological list of discovery of the rare earths and their names
Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: ['stɔk:ɔlm]) is the capital and the largest city (population of 825,057) of Sweden. Founded circa 1250, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. It is strategic located on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren.Stockholm's location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne. The earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name (stock) means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word (Stock), meaning fortification. The second part of the name (holm) means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. The city is said to have been founded by Birger Jarl to protect Sweden from a sea invasion by foreign navies, and to stop the pillage of towns such as Sigtuna on Lake Mälaren (note).
Alternative name
John and Gordon Marks suggested in 1994 the name Newtonium (Nw), after Sir Isaac Newton, just as Einsteinium is named after Albert Einstein. The Marks brothers found the old names ugly and confusing. They offered alternative names that are equivalent contemporary (at the time and place of discovery) metaphors, both more euphonious and more memorable (note).
Further reading
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