Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Iodium Iodine
Jood – Jod – Iode – Yodo – ヨウ素 – Йод – 碘
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Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Iodium Latin Germanic
Jodium AfrikaansJod Danish Jod German Iodine English Jod Faroese Joadium Frisian (West) Joð Icelandic Jod Luxembourgish Jood Dutch Jod Norwegian Jod Swedish Italic
Yodo AragoneseIodu Aromanian Yodu Asturian Iode Catalan Yodo Spanish Iode French Jodi Friulian Iodo Galician Iodio Italian Jòdi Lombard Iòde Occitan Iodo Portuguese Iod Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Йод [Jod] BulgarianJod Bosnian Ёд [ëd] Belarusian Jod Czech Jod Croatian Jód Kashubian Јод [Jod] Macedonian Jod Polish Йод [Jod] Russian Jód Slovak Jod Slovenian Јод [Jod] Serbian Йод [jod] Ukrainian Baltic
Jodas LithuanianJods Latvian Juods Samogitian Celtic
Iod BretonÏodin Welsh Iaidín Gaelic (Irish) Ìodain Gaelic (Scottish) Eeadeen Gaelic (Manx) Eyodyn Cornish Other Indo-European
Ιωδιο [iōdio] GreekՅոդ [yod] Armenian Jod[i] Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
İyot KurdishЙод [Jod] Ossetian Йод [Iod] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
আয়োডিন [āẏoḍina] Bengaliید [yd] Persian આયોડિનનો [āyoḍinano] Gujarati आयोडिन [āyoḍina] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Jood EstonianJodi Finnish Jód Hungarian Йод [Jod] Komi Йод [Jod] Mari Йода [joda] Moksha Juut Võro Altaic
Yod AzerbaijaniИод [Jod] Chuvash Йод [jod] Kazakh Йод [Jod] Kyrgyz Иод [iod] Mongolian İyod Turkish يود [yod] Uyghur Yod Uzbek Other (Europe)
Iodoa Basqueიოდი [iodi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
يود [yūd] Arabicיוד [iod] Hebrew Jodju Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Tièn (碘) Hakkaヨウ素 [youso] Japanese 요오드, 2아이오딘 [yo'odeu, a'i'odin] Korean ไอโอดีน [aiōdīn] Thai Iot, Iođ Vietnamese 碘 [dian3 / din2] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Yodo CebuanoYodium Indonesian Iodine Māori Iodin, ²Yodium Malay Other Asiatic
അയോഡിന് [ayōḍin] Malayalamஅயடின் [ayaţiṉ] Tamil Africa
Ide LingalaAyotine Sesotho Iodini, ²Aidini Swahili North-America
Yodo NahuatlSouth-America
Yudu, ²Yodu QuechuaCreole
Dyodi Sranan TongoArtificial
Jodo EsperantoNew names
Iodon Atomic ElementsBop Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
Iodine was discovered in May 1811 by Bernard Courtois (1777-1838) in Dijon. Courtois was manufacturer of salpeter (potassium nitrate, KNO3), a major component of gunpowder. In the early 19th century, France was at war and needed enormous quantities of gunpowder. The manufacture of salpeter requires a plentiful supply of Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), which is obtained by extraction from wood ashes. Wood ashes was made from seaweed, gathered at the coasts of Normandy and Brittany. After the process, the various Sulphur compounds produced during calcination (burning), were destroyed by adding sulphuric acid. In 1811 Courtois accidentally added excess sulphuric acid resulting in a violet vapor cloud that condensed on colder objects forming dark, lustrous crystals. He observed that the new substance combined with Hydrogen, Phosphorus and certain metals but not readily with Oxygen or Carbon. It did not decompose under red heat, but formed an explosive with ammonia. (note) Courtois suspected it was a new element, but because of lack of money he had to turned over further investigation to his friends, the French physicist and chemist Charles-Bernard Désormes (1777-1862), who did almost all his scientific work in collaboration with his son-in-law Nicolas Clément (1779-1841). They announced the discovery on 29 November 1813 at a meeting of the Imperial Institute of France. Other specimens were given by Courtois to Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) and André M. Ampère (1775–1836). On 6 December 1813 he suggested that the new substance was either an element or a compound of oxygen. In the mean time, Ampère had given his sample to the English chemist Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), who visited Paris traveling to Italy. Davy always carried a compact chest of laboratory apparatus when he traveled and did some experiments with this samples. He sent off a paper to the Royal Society of London, dated 10 December 1813 (note), describing his experiments and recognizing the similarities between the new substance and Chlorine. He named it Iodine, after the Greek ιοειδης [ioeidès] = violet coloured (from ιον [ion] = violin), which was analogous to Chlorine and Fluorine. Although a quarrel over priority rights followed, Gay-Lussac and Davy both acknowledged Courtois as the discoverer of Iodine. Gay-Lussac’s major publication on Iodine was read on 1 August 1814. He named the new element Iode.
Chemistianity 1873
GTYAN
IODINE, a true caustic to diseased flesh, Is a violet-colour'd solid metalloid, Of dull metallic, plumbago lustre; It exists in scales, plates, and splendid crystals, It is volatile at common temp'rature. J. Carrington Sellars, Chemistianity, 1873, p.108-109
Further reading
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