Elementymology & Elements Multidict |
Palladium
Palladium – Palladium – Palladium – Paladio – パラジウム – Палладий – 鈀
|
Multilingual dictionary
Indo-European
Palladium Latin Germanic
Palladium AfrikaansPalladium Danish Palladium German Palladium English Palladium Faroese Palladium Frisian (West) Palladín Icelandic Palladium Luxembourgish Palladium Dutch Palladium Norwegian Palladium Swedish Italic
Paladio AragonesePaladiumu Aromanian Paladiu Asturian Palladi Catalan Paladio Spanish Palladium French Paladi Friulian Paladio Galician Palladio Italian Palàdi Lombard Palladi Occitan Paládio Portuguese Paladiu Romanian - Moldovan Slavic
Палладий [Palladij] BulgarianPaladij[um] Bosnian Паладый [paladyj] Belarusian Palladium Czech Paladij Croatian Pallôd Kashubian Паладиум [Paladium] Macedonian Pallad Polish Палладий [Palladij] Russian Paládium Slovak Paladij Slovenian Паладијум [Paladijum] Serbian Паладій [paladij] Ukrainian Baltic
Paladis LithuanianPallādijs Latvian Paladis Samogitian Celtic
Palladiom BretonPaladiwm Welsh Pallaidiam Gaelic (Irish) Pallaidiam Gaelic (Scottish) Pallaadjum Gaelic (Manx) Paladyum Cornish Other Indo-European
Παλλαδιο [palladio] GreekՊալադիում [paladium] Armenian Palad, ²Palladiumi Albanian Indo-Iranian/Iranian
Paladyûm KurdishПалладий [palladij] Ossetian Палладий [Palladi'] Tajik Indo-Iranian/Indo-Aryan
প্যালাডিয়াম [pyālāḍiẏāma] Bengaliپالادیم [paladym] Persian પલેડિયમનો [paleḍiyamano] Gujarati पलाडियम [palāḍiyama] Hindi Finno-Ugric
Pallaadium EstonianPalladium Finnish Palládium Hungarian Палладий [Palladij] Komi Палладий [Palladij] Mari Палади [paladi] Moksha Pallaadium Võro Altaic
Palladium AzerbaijaniПаллади [Palladi] Chuvash Палладий [palladij] Kazakh Палладий [Palladij] Kyrgyz Паллади [palladi] Mongolian Palladyum Turkish پاللادىي [palladiy] Uyghur Paladiy Uzbek Other (Europe)
Paladioa Basqueპალადიუმი [paladiumi] Georgian Afro-Asiatic
بلاديوم [ballādiyūm] Arabicפלדיום [paladium] Hebrew Palladju[m] Maltese Sino-Tibetan
Pâ (鈀) Hakkaパラジウム [parajiumu] Japanese 팔라듐 [palladyum] Korean แพลเลเดียม [phaellēdiam/phaenlēdiam] Thai Palađi Vietnamese 鈀 [ba3 / ba2] Chinese Malayo-Polynesian
Paladyo CebuanoPaladium Indonesian Palladium Māori Paladium Malay Other Asiatic
പലേഡിയം [palēḍiyam] Malayalamபல்லேடியம் [pallēţiyam] Tamil Africa
Paladu LingalaPalladiamo Sesotho Paladi Swahili North-America
Paladio NahuatlSouth-America
Paladyu QuechuaCreole
Paladimi Sranan TongoArtificial
Paladio EsperantoNew names
Paladion Atomic ElementsOrthodonium Dorseyville |
History & Etymology
Researching the waste solutions that remained after the precipitation of the platinum salt of sal ammoniac (see Platinum), the english chemist William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) discovered in 1802 a new metal, which he called Palladium. He did not announce this discovery in the scholarly world, as one should expect, but advertised it for sale in an anonymous handbill, placed in the window of the Soho mineralogical shop of Jacob Forster in April 1803:
This handbill was later published in Nicholson's Journal.
Richard Chenevix (1774-1830, also Chevenix Trench, Chenevix Trench, PvdK), an Irish chemist living in London, bought on 29 April 1803 one of the samples and found that it indeed was a new, unknown metal. Later, he bought the complete stock, researched it and presented his results to the Royal Society of London on 12 May 1803 (note). He begins his paper as follows: On the 19th of April I learned, by a printed notice [text of handbill in a note] sent to Mr. Knox, that a substance, which was announced as a new metal, was to be sold at Mr. Forster's, in Gerrard-Street. The mode adopted to make known a discovery of so much importance, without the name of any creditable person except the vender, appeared to me unusual in science, and was not calculated to inspire confidence. It was therefore with a view to detect what I conceived to be an imposition, that I procured a specimen, and undertook some experiments to learn its properties and nature.After his experiments he decided that it was not a simple body as claimed, but an alloy of Mercury with Platinum: ...when we learn that palladium is not, as was shamefully announced, a new simple metal, but an alloy of platina; and that the substance which can thus mask the most characteristic properties of that metal, while it loses the greater number of its own, is mercury. (p. 297-298)The supplier of the new metal was perpetrating a fraud, he thought. Elsewhere, Chenevix even suggested that the Palladium came from someone "without education, ... [whose] chemical language and phrases sound like Alchemy", maybe even "a hair dresser at Islington". The discoverer defended himself in an anonymous letter, dated 16 December 1803, and offered a reward of £20 for the one who could make Palladium from Platinum and Mercury (note). In the following discussion many famous chemists were involved, however, nobody succeeded in making Palladium. In a second address to the the Royal Society at 10 January 1805 Chenevix defended himself (note). In a Postscript to the published version he said that he has read his paper, "Dr. Wollaston has published some experiments on platina. He has found that palladium is contained in very small quantities in crude platina. This fact was mentioned to me more than a year ago by Dr. Wollaston." In the mean time, Wollaston had presented the result of a research in 1804, read 24 June 1804, announcing his discovery of Rhodium, but still was silent about the fact that he was the discoverer of Palladium. He mentions Palladium as follows: Finally, in a letter of 23 February 1805 to W. Nicholson, Wollaston confessed that he was the discoverer (note): ...a proportional quantity of platina ... was purchased by me a few years since, with the design of rendering it malleable for the different purposes to which it is adapted. That object has now been attained, and during the solution of it, various unforeseen appearances occurred, some of which led to the discovery of palladium; but there were other circumstances which could not be accounted for by the existence of that metal alone. On this, and other accounts, I endeavoured to reserve to myself a deliberate examination of these difficulties which the subsequent discovery of a second new metal, that I have called rhodium...Thereafter, on 5 July 1805, Wollaston read a paper "On the Discovery of Palladium" (note), where he said to be the discoverer of palladium: As reason for keeping it secret he wrote that he wanted to do quietly further research: When I found all my endeavours directed to that end wholly unsuccessful, I no longer entertained any doubt of this substance being a new simple metal, and accordingly published a concise delineation of its character; but by not directing the attention of chemists to the substance from which it had been extracted, I reserved to myself an opportunity of examining more at leisure many anomalous phenomena, that had occurred to me in the analysis of platina, which I was at a loss to explain, until I had learned to distinguish those peculiarities, that I afterwards found to arise from the presence of rhodium (p. 326).More probably is that he wanted to make his discovery known to the world, but in a way that would reveal as little as possible of the secret platinum business, he had formed in 1800 with Smithson Tennant (see Platinum). Wollaston's notebooks are preserved. In these book he first mentions his discovery in July 1802 calling the new element simply "C". Later he wrote on the next page "The upper part of opposite page was written July 1802. I believe the C meant Ceresium a name which I once thought of giving to Palladium" The first name was after the recently discovered asteroid Ceres (discovered 1 January 1801). By August 1802 he had renamed the metal Palladium after another astroid, discovered more recently on 28 March 1802. Palladium in particular has a remarkable history and is surely the only element of the 114 we now know that was isolated and then, instead of its discovery being announced and published in a learned journal, was advertised for sale, causing the furore outlined above. Wollaston's motives in doing this, and the way that he conducted the whole affair, still remain obscure (Griffith, 2003). The new element was named Palladium in honor of the newly discovered asteroid Pallas. This asteroid (diameter 538 km) was discovered by Wilhelm Olbers in March 1802 almost simultaneously with the element. It is the second largest asteroid and second asteroid discovered. Olbers named the asteroid after Παλλας Αθηνη [Pallas Athene], the Greek goddess of wisdom. Wollaston's father, the Rev. Francis Wollaston (1731—1815), rector of Chislehurst, was an enthusiastic astronomer and had a private observatory. In 1811 he published a star atlas, A Portraiture of the Heavens. Also William H. Wollaston himself did astronomical work, he was the first, in 1802, to observe the dark lines in the solar spectrum. This may explain the naming after the latest discovered celestial body.
Chemistianity 1873
WTYAN (*)
PALLADIUM, Platinum's cozening cousin, Is a white metal but darker than Platinum, About as hard but not quite so ductile; It forges, and partly oxides in the forge fire, Like Silver it "spits" absorbed Oxygen. J. Carrington Sellars, Chemistianity, 1873, p. 177
(* in the book misprinted as WAYAN)
Further reading
|